Time.h

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#pragma once

#include <algorithm>
#include <stdexcept>

#include <OnixS/CME/MDH/String.h>
#include <OnixS/CME/MDH/Integral.h>

ONIXS_CMEMDH_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
ONIXS_CMEMDH_DATA_PACKING_BEGIN(1)

/// Miscellaneous time characteristics. 
ONIXS_CMEMDH_LTWT_STRUCT TimeTraits
{
    /// Returns number of nanoseconds in single day. 
    static Int64 nanosecondsPerDay()
    {
        return 86400000000000ll;
    }
        
    /// Returns number of nanoseconds in single hour. 
    static Int64 nanosecondsPerHour()
    {
        return 3600000000000ll;
    }

    /// Returns number of nanoseconds in single minute. 
    static Int64 nanosecondsPerMinute()
    {
        return 60000000000ll;
    }

    /// Returns number of nanoseconds in single second. 
    static Int32 nanosecondsPerSecond()
    {
        return 1000000000;
    }

    /// Returns number of nanoseconds in single millisecond. 
    static Int32 nanosecondsPerMillisecond()
    {
        return 1000000;
    }

    /// Returns number of nanoseconds in single microsecond. 
    static Int32 nanosecondsPerMicrosecond()
    {
        return 1000;
    }

    /// Returns number of hours in single day. 
    static Int32 hoursPerDay()
    {
        return 24;
    }

    /// Returns number of minutes in single hour. 
    static Int32 minutesPerHour()
    {
        return 60;
    }

    /// Returns number of seconds in single minute. 
    static Int32 secondsPerMinute()
    {
        return 60;
    }
        
    /// Returns number of milliseconds in single second. 
    static Int32 millisecondsPerSecond()
    {
        return 1000;
    }
        
    /// Returns number of microseconds in single second. 
    static Int32 microsecondsPerSecond()
    {
        return 1000000;
    }
};

/// Represents time interval. Used primarily to present time-only 
/// stamps and to measure time intervals between two timestamps.
ONIXS_CMEMDH_LTWT_CLASS TimeSpan
{
public:
    /// Integral type presenting internal ticks. 
    typedef Int64 Ticks;

    /// Integral type for number of days. 
    typedef Int32 Days;
    
    /// Integral type for number of hours. 
    typedef Int32 Hours;

    /// Integral type for number of minutes. 
    typedef Int32 Minutes;

    /// Integral type for number of seconds. 
    typedef Int32 Seconds;
    
    /// Integral type for number of milliseconds. 
    typedef Int32 Milliseconds;

    /// Integral type for number of microseconds. 
    typedef Int32 Microseconds;

    /// Integral type for number of nanoseconds. 
    typedef Int32 Nanoseconds;

    /// Initializes timespan from given number of ticks. 
    explicit TimeSpan(Ticks ticks = 0)
        : ticks_(ticks)
    {
    }

    /// Initializes with given set of values.
    /// 
    /// Input parameters are treated as quantities,
    /// but not as a time stamp. Therefore, there's
    /// no requirement to fit in a certain range like
    /// hours must fit into [0, 24) range. After 
    /// initialization time span will be normalized. 
    TimeSpan(
        Days days, 
        Hours hours, 
        Minutes minutes, 
        Seconds seconds, 
        Nanoseconds nanoseconds)
        : ticks_(
            static_cast<Ticks>(days) *
            TimeTraits::nanosecondsPerDay() +
            static_cast<Ticks>(hours) * 
            TimeTraits::nanosecondsPerHour() + 
            static_cast<Ticks>(minutes) *
            TimeTraits::nanosecondsPerMinute() + 
            static_cast<Ticks>(seconds) *
            TimeTraits::nanosecondsPerSecond() +
            nanoseconds)
    {
    }

    /// Initializes with given set of values.
    /// 
    /// Input parameters are treated as quantities,
    /// but not as a time stamp. Therefore, there's
    /// no requirement to fit in a certain range like
    /// hours must fit into [0, 24) range. After 
    /// initialization time span will be normalized. 
    TimeSpan(
        Hours hours, 
        Minutes minutes, 
        Seconds seconds, 
        Nanoseconds nanoseconds)
        : ticks_(
            static_cast<Ticks>(hours) * 
            TimeTraits::nanosecondsPerHour() + 
            static_cast<Ticks>(minutes) *
            TimeTraits::nanosecondsPerMinute() + 
            static_cast<Ticks>(seconds) *
            TimeTraits::nanosecondsPerSecond() +
            nanoseconds)
    {
    }

    /// Days component of time interval. 
    /// Whole number of days in time interval.
    Days days() const
    {
        return 
            static_cast<Days>
            (ticks_ / 
                TimeTraits::nanosecondsPerDay());
    }

    /// Hours component of time interval. 
    /// Values are in range from -23 through 23. 
    Hours hours() const
    {
        return 
            static_cast<Hours>(
                (ticks_ / 
                    TimeTraits::nanosecondsPerHour()) % 
                TimeTraits::hoursPerDay()
            );
    }

    /// Minutes component of time interval. 
    /// Values are in range from -59 through 59. 
    Int32 minutes() const
    {
        return 
            static_cast<Minutes>(
                (ticks_ / 
                    TimeTraits::nanosecondsPerMinute()) % 
                TimeTraits::minutesPerHour()
            );
    }

    /// Seconds component of time interval. 
    /// Values are in range from -59 through 59. 
    Int32 seconds() const
    {
        return 
            static_cast<Seconds>(
                (ticks_ / 
                    TimeTraits::nanosecondsPerSecond()) %
                TimeTraits::secondsPerMinute()
            );
    }

    /// Milliseconds component of time interval. 
    /// Values are in range from -999 through 999. 
    Milliseconds milliseconds() const
    {
        return 
            static_cast<Milliseconds>
                ((ticks_ / 
                    TimeTraits::nanosecondsPerMillisecond()) %
                TimeTraits::millisecondsPerSecond()
            );
    }

    /// Microseconds component of time interval. 
    /// Values are in range from -999999 through 999999. 
    Microseconds microseconds() const
    {
        return 
            static_cast<Microseconds>
                ((ticks_ / 
                    TimeTraits::nanosecondsPerMicrosecond()) %
                TimeTraits::microsecondsPerSecond()
            );
    }

    /// Nanoseconds component of time interval. 
    /// Values are in range from -999999999 through 999999999. 
    Nanoseconds nanoseconds() const
    {
        return 
            static_cast<Nanoseconds>
            (ticks_ % 
                TimeTraits::nanosecondsPerSecond());
    }

    /// Number of ticks in given time interval. 
    /// 
    /// Ticks are the lowest time quantity used 
    /// to measure time intervals. In current 
    /// implementation ticks are nanoseconds. 
    Ticks ticks() const
    {
        return ticks_;
    }

    /// Adds time interval to current one. 
    TimeSpan& 
    operator +=(
        const TimeSpan& other)
    {
        ticks_ += other.ticks_;

        return *this;
    }

    /// Subtracts time interval from current one. 
    TimeSpan& 
    operator -=(
        const TimeSpan& other)
    {
        ticks_ -= other.ticks_;

        return *this;
    }

    /// Reinitializes as copy of given instance. 
    TimeSpan& 
    operator =(
        const TimeSpan& other)
    {
        ticks_ = other.ticks_;

        return *this;
    }

    /// Exchanges with given instance. 
    void
    swap(TimeSpan& other)
    {
        std::swap(ticks_, other.ticks_);
    }

private:
    Ticks ticks_;
};

/// Compares with other instance for equality.
inline 
bool 
operator ==(
    const TimeSpan& left,
    const TimeSpan& right)
{
    return left.ticks() == right.ticks();
}

/// Compares with other instance for in-equality.
inline 
bool 
operator !=(
    const TimeSpan& left,
    const TimeSpan& right)
{
    return left.ticks() != right.ticks();
}

/// Checks whether left time interval less than right one.
inline 
bool 
operator <(
    const TimeSpan& left,
    const TimeSpan& right)
{
    return left.ticks() < right.ticks();
}

/// Checks whether left time interval greater than right one.
inline 
bool 
operator >(
    const TimeSpan& left,
    const TimeSpan& right)
{
    return left.ticks() > right.ticks();
}

// TimeSpan serialization.

// Serializes timespan according to HH:MM:SS pattern.
ONIXS_CMEMDH_EXPORTED
void
toStrAsHHMMSS(std::string&, TimeSpan);

// Serializes timespan according to HH:MM:SS.sss pattern.
ONIXS_CMEMDH_EXPORTED
void
toStrAsHHMMSSmsec(std::string&, TimeSpan);

// Serializes timespan according to D.HH:MM:SS.sssssssss pattern.
ONIXS_CMEMDH_EXPORTED
void
toStrAsSDHHMMSSnsec(std::string&, TimeSpan);

/// Collection of timespan formatting patterns.
ONIXS_CMEMDH_LTWT_STRUCT TimeSpanFormat
{
    enum Enum
    {
        /// HH:MM:SS.
        HHMMSS,

        /// HH:MM:SS.sss.
        HHMMSSmsec,

        /// D.HH:MM:SS.sssssssss.
        SDHHMMSSnsec
    };
};

/// Appends timespan formatted in specified pattern to given string. 
inline 
void
toStr(
    std::string& str, 
    TimeSpan timeSpan, 
    TimeSpanFormat::Enum format = 
        TimeSpanFormat::SDHHMMSSnsec)
{
    switch (format)
    {
    case TimeSpanFormat::HHMMSS:
        toStrAsHHMMSS(str, timeSpan);
        break;

    case TimeSpanFormat::HHMMSSmsec:
        toStrAsHHMMSSmsec(str, timeSpan);
        break;

    case TimeSpanFormat::SDHHMMSSnsec:
        toStrAsSDHHMMSSnsec(str, timeSpan);
        break;

    default:
        {
            throw std::invalid_argument(
                "Unknown timespan format pattern specified. ");
        }
    }
}

/// Formats timespan according to specified pattern. 
inline 
std::string
toStr(
    TimeSpan timeSpan, 
    TimeSpanFormat::Enum format = 
        TimeSpanFormat::SDHHMMSSnsec)
{
    std::string str;

    toStr(str, timeSpan, format);

    return str;
}

/// Identifies months in year.
ONIXS_CMEMDH_LTWT_STRUCT Month
{
    enum Enum
    { 
        January = 1,
        February,
        March,
        April,
        May,
        June,
        July,
        August,
        September,
        October,
        November,
        December
    };
};

/// Represents time point without time-zone information.
ONIXS_CMEMDH_LTWT_CLASS Timestamp
{
public:
    /// Integral type storing internal ticks. 
    typedef UInt64 Ticks;

    /// Integral type presenting year component. 
    typedef UInt32 Year;
    
    /// Type presenting month component. 
    typedef 
    OnixS::CME::MDH::Month::Enum 
    Month;

    /// Integral type presenting day component. 
    typedef UInt32 Day;
    
    /// Integral type presenting hour component. 
    typedef UInt32 Hour;

    /// Integral type presenting minute component. 
    typedef UInt32 Minute;

    /// Integral type presenting second component. 
    typedef UInt32 Second;
    
    /// Integral type presenting millisecond component. 
    typedef UInt32 Millisecond;

    /// Integral type presenting microsecond component. 
    typedef UInt32 Microsecond;

    /// Integral type presenting nanosecond component. 
    typedef UInt32 Nanosecond;

    /// Initializes from number of ticks since epoch. 
    explicit Timestamp(Ticks ticks = 0)
        : sinceEpoch_(ticks)
    {
    }

    /// Explicit timestamp initialization.
    /// 
    /// Input parameters are validated, therefore
    /// constructor throws exception if input values
    /// do not fit into their valid ranges.
    Timestamp(
        Year year,
        Month month,
        Day day,
        Hour hour = 0,
        Minute minute = 0,
        Second second = 0,
        Nanosecond nanosecond = 0)
        : sinceEpoch_(
            toTicks(
                year, month, day, 
                hour, minute, second, nanosecond)
        )
    {
    }

    /// Initializes as copy of other instance.
    Timestamp(
        const Timestamp& other)
        : sinceEpoch_(other.sinceEpoch_)
    {
    }

    /// Year component of given time point.
    Year year() const
    {
        Year year; Month month; Day day;
        
        toDate(sinceEpoch_, year, month, day);
        
        return year;
    }

    /// Month component of given time point.
    Month month() const
    {
        Year year; Month month; Day day;
        
        toDate(sinceEpoch_, year, month, day);
        
        return month;
    }

    /// Day component of given time point.
    Day day() const
    {
        Year year; Month month; Day day;
        
        toDate(sinceEpoch_, year, month, day);
        
        return day;
    }
                
    /// Hour component of given time point.
    Hour hour() const
    {
        return static_cast<Hour>(time().hours());
    }

    /// Minute component of given time point.
    Minute minute() const
    {
        return static_cast<Minute>(time().minutes());
    }

    /// Second component of given time point.
    Second second() const
    {
        return static_cast<Second>(time().seconds());
    }

    /// Millisecond component of given time point.
    Millisecond millisecond() const
    {
        return static_cast<Millisecond>(time().milliseconds());
    }

    /// Microsecond component of given time point.
    Microsecond microsecond() const
    {
        return static_cast<Microsecond>(time().microseconds());
    }

    /// Nanosecond component of given time point.
    Nanosecond nanosecond() const
    {
        return static_cast<Nanosecond>(time().nanoseconds());
    }

    /// Timestamp without a time part.
    Timestamp date() const
    {
        return 
            Timestamp(
                sinceEpoch_ - 
                    sinceEpoch_ % 
                    TimeTraits::nanosecondsPerDay());
    }

    /// Time part of timestamp.
    TimeSpan time() const
    {
        return 
            TimeSpan(
                sinceEpoch_ % 
                TimeTraits::nanosecondsPerDay());
    }

    /// Number of nanoseconds since the Epoch (01-01-1970). 
    Ticks sinceEpoch() const
    {
        return sinceEpoch_;
    }

    /// Reinitializes as copy of given instance. 
    Timestamp& 
    operator =(
        const Timestamp& other)
    {
        sinceEpoch_ = other.sinceEpoch_;

        return *this;
    }

    /// Exchanges value with other instance. 
    void
    swap(
        Timestamp& other)
    {
        std::swap(
            sinceEpoch_, 
            other.sinceEpoch_);
    }

private:
    // Time interval in nanoseconds since the 01-01-1970.
    Ticks sinceEpoch_;

    // Converts structured date-time into ticks. 
    ONIXS_CMEMDH_LTWT_EXPORTED
    static
    Ticks
    toTicks(
        Year, Month, Day, 
        Hour, Minute, Second, 
        Nanosecond);

    // Extracts date components from ticks. 
    ONIXS_CMEMDH_LTWT_EXPORTED
    static
    void
    toDate(
        Ticks, 
        Year&, Month&, Day&);
};

/// Compares with instances for equality.
inline 
bool 
operator ==(
    const Timestamp& left,
    const Timestamp& right)
{
    return left.sinceEpoch() == right.sinceEpoch();
}

/// Compares with instances for inequality.
inline 
bool 
operator !=(
    const Timestamp& left,
    const Timestamp& right)
{
    return left.sinceEpoch() != right.sinceEpoch();
}

/// Establishes order between two instances.
inline 
bool 
operator <(
    const Timestamp& left,
    const Timestamp& right)
{
    return left.sinceEpoch() < right.sinceEpoch();
}

/// Establishes order between two instances.
inline 
bool 
operator >(
    const Timestamp& left,
    const Timestamp& right)
{
    return left.sinceEpoch() > right.sinceEpoch();
}

/// Adds time interval to given time point. 
inline 
Timestamp
operator +(
    const Timestamp& timestamp,
    const TimeSpan& timeSpan)
{
    return 
        Timestamp(
            timestamp.sinceEpoch() + 
            timeSpan.ticks()
        );
}

/// Subtracts time interval from given time point. 
inline 
Timestamp
operator -(
    const Timestamp& timestamp,
    const TimeSpan& timeSpan)
{
    return 
        Timestamp(
            timestamp.sinceEpoch() -
            timeSpan.ticks()
        );
}

/// Calculates time interval between two time points.
inline 
TimeSpan
operator -(
    const Timestamp& left,
    const Timestamp& right)
{
    return 
        TimeSpan(
            left.sinceEpoch() - 
            right.sinceEpoch()
        );
}

// Serialization. 

/// Serializes timestamp in YYYYMMDD format. 
ONIXS_CMEMDH_EXPORTED
void
toStrAsYYYYMMDD(std::string&, Timestamp);

/// Serializes timestamp in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS format. 
ONIXS_CMEMDH_EXPORTED
void
toStrAsYYYYMMDDHHMMSS(std::string&, Timestamp);

/// Serializes timestamp in YYYYMMDDHHMMSSmsec format. 
ONIXS_CMEMDH_EXPORTED
void
toStrAsYYYYMMDDHHMMSSmsec(std::string&, Timestamp);

/// Serializes timestamp in YYYYMMDDHHMMSSnsec format. 
ONIXS_CMEMDH_EXPORTED
void
toStrAsYYYYMMDDHHMMSSnsec(std::string&, Timestamp);

/// Collection of timestamp formatting patterns.
ONIXS_CMEMDH_LTWT_STRUCT TimestampFormat
{
    enum Enum
    {
        /// YYYYMMDD.
        YYYYMMDD,

        /// YYYYMMDD-HH:MM:SS.
        YYYYMMDDHHMMSS,

        /// YYYYMMDD-HH:MM:SS.sss.
        YYYYMMDDHHMMSSmsec,

        /// YYYYMMDD-HH:MM:SS.sssssssss.
        YYYYMMDDHHMMSSnsec
    };
};

/// Serializes timestamp according to specified pattern.
inline 
void
toStr(
    std::string& str,
    Timestamp timestamp,
    TimestampFormat::Enum format = 
        TimestampFormat::YYYYMMDDHHMMSSnsec)
{
    switch (format)
    {
    case TimestampFormat::YYYYMMDD:
        toStrAsYYYYMMDD(str, timestamp);
        break;

    case TimestampFormat::YYYYMMDDHHMMSS:
        toStrAsYYYYMMDDHHMMSS(str, timestamp);
        break;

    case TimestampFormat::YYYYMMDDHHMMSSmsec:
        toStrAsYYYYMMDDHHMMSSmsec(str, timestamp);
        break;

    case TimestampFormat::YYYYMMDDHHMMSSnsec:
        toStrAsYYYYMMDDHHMMSSnsec(str, timestamp);
        break;

    default:
        {
            throw std::invalid_argument(
                "Unknown timestamp format pattern specified. ");
        }        
    }
}

/// Serializes timestamp according to specified pattern.
inline 
std::string
toStr(
    Timestamp timestamp,
    TimestampFormat::Enum format = 
        TimestampFormat::YYYYMMDDHHMMSSnsec)
{
    std::string str;

    toStr(str, timestamp, format);

    return str;
}

/// Deserializes timestamp from string. 
ONIXS_CMEMDH_EXPORTED
bool
fromStr(
    Timestamp&,
    const Char*, 
    size_t);

/// Abstract watch service.
ONIXS_CMEMDH_EXPORTED_STRUCT WatchService
{
    /// Identifies watch service. 
    virtual const Char* id() const = 0;

    /// Returns current time.
    virtual Timestamp now() = 0;
};

/// Local watch.
ONIXS_CMEMDH_EXPORTED_CLASS LocalWatch
{
public:
    /// Returns current local time. 
    static Timestamp now();

    /// Returns watch service implementing local watch. 
    static WatchService& service();

private:
    LocalWatch(const LocalWatch&);
    LocalWatch& operator =(const LocalWatch&);
};

// UTC watch. 
ONIXS_CMEMDH_EXPORTED_CLASS UtcWatch
{
public:
    /// Returns current UTC time. 
    static Timestamp now();

    /// Returns watch service implementing UTC watch. 
    static WatchService& service();

private:
    UtcWatch(const UtcWatch&);
    UtcWatch& operator =(const UtcWatch&);
};

ONIXS_CMEMDH_DATA_PACKING_END
ONIXS_CMEMDH_NAMESPACE_END